The concept of multiple universes became more defined in the Middle Ages. In the third century BCE, the philosopher Chrysippus suggested that the world eternally expired and regenerated, effectively suggesting the existence of multiple universes across time. The first to whom we can definitively attribute the concept of innumerable worlds are the Ancient Greek Atomists, beginning with Leucippus and Democritus in the 5th century BCE, followed by Epicurus (341-270 BCE) and Lucretius (1st century BCE). However, there is debate as to whether he believed in multiple worlds, and if he did, whether those worlds were co-existent or successive. The different universes within the multiverse are called "parallel universes", "other universes", "alternate universes", or "many worlds".Īccording to some, the idea of infinite worlds was first suggested by the pre-Socratic Greek philosopher Anaximander in the sixth century BCE.
Together, these universes comprise everything that exists: the entirety of space, time, matter, energy, information, and the physical laws and constants that describe them. The multiverse is a hypothetical group of multiple universes.
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